Mokum | F1 Bunching Carrot Seed
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Daucus carota var. sativus
CULTURE: Carrots require well-drained soils, with a pH range of 6.0-6.8. Deep, loose, and fertile sandy loams and peat soils with good moisture-holding capacity grow the straightest and smoothest roots.
MICRO-FARMING SPECIFICATIONS:*
The following text is directly taken from carrot technical sheet of ‘The Market Gardeners Masterclass’ (JM Fortier) This is by no means exhaustive as it is an element of the information presented on carrots. I have added equipment options to make this more affordable (but not less effective) for the Australian/New Zealand grower.
FRESH CARROTS (For storage carrots refer to the course)
INTENSIVE SPACING
- 6 rows 12cm per bed spaced every 5cm on the row
- Size 1.8?2.0: JANG 3X seeder: X-24, 11F-13B, brush 0
FERTILISATION
Alfalfa meal (2-0-2) or chicken manure (5-3-2) in a bed where the previous crop was amended with compost.
IRRIGATION
Irrigation Type
- Drip tape/ Techline (4 per beds) or sprinkler.
Irrigation Management
- Root depth: Medium 30-100cm
- Need deep watering until later stages of root development, at which time excess water can cause roots to crack. Cracking is also caused by too great a fluctuation between wet and dry.
IMPLANTATION
Generally, we seed 2 weeks worth of carrots every 1 weeks to ensure a continuous supply of freshly harvested carrots. Every time we seed, we prepare next week’s beds in order to force weeds, according to our pre-emergence flame weeding strategy.
Our spacing (6 rows, 5cm on the row) means that all the carrots are ready more or less at once. They are then graded in the fields and the bed is cropped out and replanted faster.
EQUIPMENT
ITINERARY
1. Pre-emergent flame weeding (when beds are available 7 to 10 days before the seeding date). Pass through beds with the broadfork.
- Remove large debris from the bed, if needed (use flail mower, rake or manually remove the large chunks).
- Uniformly apply the alfalfa meal (2-0-2) and pass with the rotary harrow at a depth of 2.5cm.
- Rake one last time, removing small rocks and debris. The bed must be completely clean.
- Cover the beds with floating row cover to promote the growth of weeds.
- Install sprinklers and keep beds well moistened at all time.
- 7 days later, seed using the Jang 3X. Check seeding density by measuring the weight of seeds distributed.
- Place a handful of beet seeds (as an indicator) at the end of one of the beds and identify with a flag. The beets are the control plants which will indicate when to flame weeds (under the same conditions, beets always germinate before the carrots). Set an alarm or reminder to yourself to check daily, after the 8th day, to see if the beets have emerged. For the seeding to be successful, it is crucial not to miss this indicator.
- As soon as the indicator seeds germinate, flame weed the beds. Adjust the flame weeder to full throttle and move forward slowly and evenly. Your carrots will now have an important head start on any weeds.
ITINERARY
2, Seeding on compost (when beds are not available 7-10 days before seeding). Pass through beds with the broad fork
- Remove large debris from the bed if needed (use flail mower, rake or manually remove the large chunks).
- Pass the rotary harrow at a 2.5cm depth. If there still is debris left, rake again.
- The goal is to have a very flat and clean surface ready to receive the compost.
- Apply a 2.5 cm layer of plant-based, weed-free compost on the whole width 75cm of the bed. Using the back of the rake, level the compost, making sure that it is the same thickness across the whole width of the bed. Success relies greatly on how carefully this task is accomplished. It?s important not to mix the compost with the soil (otherwise weed seeds can emerge).
- Seed using the Jang 3X. Check seeding density by measuring the weight of seeds distributed
- Install sprinklers and keep beds well moistened at all times over the next 10 days.
WEEDING
- If flame-weeded or seeded onto compost, weeds generally won?t be able to compete with your crop. We nevertheless cultivated our carrot beds once in order to keep them really clean.
- 20-25days after direct seeding, when the carrots are at least 8-10cm, use bio-disc to cultivate on the row and between the rows in one single pass. Hand pull the bigger weeds.
- After that point, we don?t spend time weeding any further. Weeds that emerge after that point shouldn’t compete with the crop or have time to go to seed before the carrots are harvested, and are therefore a low priority for weed control.
PLANT PROTECTION
No action is required
HARVEST
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Carrots are harvested with their tops and bunched in the fields in a kneeling position.
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Using a broadfork, begin by loosening the soil along the rows of carrots.
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One person pulls the carrots, lining them beside each other, while another starts grading and bunching them.
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Generally speaking, we aim to have carrots that are 13cm to 18cm with approximately 8 carrots per bunch. The size of the carrots affects the number of carrots/bunch (between 8 and 12), but bunches must ALWAYS be the same size.
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We also bunch smaller carrots in which case there are approximately 12 carrots per bunch. All bunches must be the same size.
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For carrots over 17cm, remove their tops in the fields and collect them in separate bins. They will sell as juicing carrots.
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Don?t leave carrots too long in the fields before bringing them in. If the soil dries up on them, they will take longer to clean up afterwards.
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When placing the carrots in the harvest containers, place all bunches in the same direction. Before being conditioned, spray the carrots heavily with the pressure gun (without bruising the leaves since all the leaves are in the same direction).
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1 person should harvest 60 bunches per hour.
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Once bed is cropped out, cover with tarps in preparation for the next crop.
NON INTENSIVE PLANTING: Sow from early spring to midsummer, 19-25mm apart (about 30 seeds/30cm.), 6-12mm deep, in 5cm wide band, or single rows 40-60cm apart. For minimum soil compaction, use raised beds with 2 or 3 rows 40-60cm apart, beds 1,6-2metres on centre (bed to bed). Sprinkle the soil surface to keep moist. Don’t allow soil to crust before the emergence of seedlings which takes 1-3 weeks, depending on temperature and moisture. If soil moisture during germination is an issue, we recommend using pelleted seed. If necessary, thin young seedlings to 19-25mm apart, depending on root size desired. Keep weed-free by tine weeding and shallow hoeing. To prevent greening, cover exposed crowns.
DISEASES: Blights can reduce yield and quality. Alternaria blight shows as brown-black lesions edged with yellow on leaf margins beginning on oldest leaves. Leaflets may shrivel and die. Cercospora blight first appears as small dark spots with yellow margins on the younger leaves and stems. To prevent blights, practice a 3-year crop rotation. Copper fungicides (see Index) can be employed as a preventive measure or control.
INSECT PESTS: Carrot rust flies and wireworms. Provide fertile growing conditions and avoid ground recently in sod if possible. Exclude adult insects with fabric row covers.
HARVEST: Carrots may be dug any time after they reach the desired size. Generally the best harvest period lasts about 3 weeks (longer in cool, fall weather), after which time the roots may crack or the taste and appearance may decline. Make a few sowings at 3-week intervals for a continuous supply of tender carrots at their prime.
STORAGE: Plant carrots intended for winter storage about 100 days before expected autumn frost. Carrots store best at 0-2C and 98% relative humidity. For ideal storage wait until foliage turns yellow and reds at the tips.
AVG. SEEDING RATE: 1000seeds/10metres, 5000/55metres, 25M/270metres, 720,000/acre at 30 seeds/30cm in rows 60cm apart.
CARROT TYPE: Nantes are medium length and cylindrical. The Shipping/Imperator types have the extra length and durability required in conventional packaged carrots, and perform the best in deeply worked soil. Chantenays are top-shaped and suitable for shallow or heavy soil. They are suitable for tropical winter production or temperate summer production (where winters get below 7-13C).
SEED SPECS: Seeds/500g: 210,000-445,100 (avg. 298,000).
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